XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-2948 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 World Bank National Commission on Environment and Forestry 5000000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-3510 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP National Commission on Environment and Forestry CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 UNDP National Commission on Environment and Forestry 0 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-3937 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 351636.40 351636.40 351636.40 351636.40 351636.40 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 1012132 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 543730 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 202320 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 0 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 1706978 UNIDO Ministry of Electricity and Power, Ministry of Lands Planning and Environment. 1758182 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-4105 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 360000.00 360000.00 360000.00 360000.00 360000.00 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 0 World Bank Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) 1800000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-4840 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Energy policy and administrative management]]+ 353636.40 353636.40 353636.40 353636.40 353636.40 0 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 0 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 1075037 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 170782 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 297220 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 1543039 UNDP Ministry of Energy and Water Resources; Environment Protection Agency - Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) 1768182 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-9903 Global Environment Facility To strengthen conditions for the sustainable and integrated management of multiple-use landscapes (piloted in the WAP landscape) to protect globally significant biodiversity, safeguard ecosystem services generating local and national socio-economic benefits, and advance towards land degradation neutrality. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normálna tabulka"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} The project will generate national and local benefits in the following ways. At the national level, capacities of national MADs (especially, MLHE, MAF, MTCA, EPA, NPAA) for integrated and sustainable land management, forest landscape restoration, PA management, use of ecosystem service evaluations and spatial planning in land use planning and decision-making, incorporation of a gender-sensitive approach will be greatly enhanced. Furthermore, as noted in UNDP’s Country Programme Document for 2020-2023, poverty persists primarily because of four interdependent drivers, one of which is recurrent disasters due to increasing vulnerability to climate change-related stresses. By promoting integrated and sustainable land management in the WAP landscape this project will increase environmental and economic resilience in the WAP landscape through its activities related to protecting mangrove ecosystems, reducing deforestation and land degradation, managing the use of community natural assets and supporting sustainable livelihoods. Findings from the socio-economic assessment undertaken during the PPG revealed that poverty is evident in the surveyed communities and unemployed inhabitants are dependent on the forest resources. Given the nexus between reducing environmental vulnerability, building disaster resilience and poverty eradication, the WAP Master Plan will be produced via a participatory and highly collaborative and gender responsive planning process, wherein all stakeholder groups will participate in negotiating stakes and objectives to be included in the integrated landscape management plan (budgeted under outcome 1). Within the scope of the Master Plan, alternative IGAs will be promoted (ensuring that 50% of beneficiaries are women and 60% are youth) and the viability of different value chains assessed and promoted (e.g., waste-to-wealth, processing of agricultural products, ecotourism). To mitigate the risks of economic displacement, the project has budgeted for an in-depth Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) within the first 6 months of implementation, based on which an Environment and Social Impacts Management Plan (ESMP) will be prepared and implemented, including a resettlement plan and an Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minority plan, if deemed necessary. The matter of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) will be explored during the ESIA and the approach applied if deemed appropriate. Local communities will participate in reforestation of degraded mangroves with indigenous trees and clearing invasive species if present. These tasks will utilize payments for public works to provide cash transfers as payment for carrying out these public works. Part of the benefits for the communities may include harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) from mangrove forests, under sustainable use plans (e.g. through oyster, sea cucumber or seaweed cultivation). The project will provide training on improved harvesting techniques, processing, packaging and marketing, to those engaged in NTFP value chain (in conjunction with Output 2.4). The possibility of carbon sales from the community PA will also be explored, building on the experiences generated by the Gola Rainforest National Park carbon credit scheme. These national and local benefits will help maintain support for the continued implementation and enforcement of the WAP Master Plan in turn resulting in global environmental benefits. The combined impacts of all the project outcomes are expected to deliver the following local benefits: Increased yields of at least three crops by at least 50% through sustainable land management activities, agroforestry, and through associated reductions in land degradation. About 10% of the population of WAP (4,427 people) benefitting, in equal numbers of men and women. Income generating activities will increase household incomes and create employment, particularly also for targeted youth. The project will advance business skills and support access to vocational training. This will address the mismatch between the skills supply and the labour market demand by providing targeted training on business for young people. Connecting households to improved energy initiatives will reduce the amount of firewood required to cook and heat households. This is likely to reduce the labour required to procure firewood with dividends to women who often bear the responsibility of procuring firewood. Increased employment opportunities, household incomes and productivity of three crops will contribute to reducing food insecurity. Equal number of women and men will benefit (guided by the gender action plan). Reduction in soil erosion through better land management and reforestation, with consequent reduced siltation of water systems and associated reductions in water treatment and hydroelectricity production costs, and reduced vulnerability to disastrous floods. Diversified, resilient and improved livelihoods through income generating activities, with attendant reductions in climate vulnerability of households that have access to additional incomes. Economic value stemming from the protection of valuable biodiversity as well as soil and biomass sequestration of carbon, both of which contribute to the preservation of global public goods. Economic value from increasing the knowledge base on ILM, watershed services and forest-friendly land rehabilitation approaches that can be integrated into the GoSL’s national land management strategy. Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of the Environment of Sierra Leone (MOE) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Agricultural policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Rural development]]+ 69569 UNDP Ministry of the Environment of Sierra Leone (MOE) 559724 UNDP Ministry of the Environment of Sierra Leone (MOE) 5209909 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10273 Global Environment Facility To mitigate GHG emissions in Sierra Leone by accelerating the introduction of electric mobility through development of legal, regulatory and institutional framework, capacity building, demonstration pilots of electric vehicles, development of business models for private sector engagement and finance schemes for upscaling and replication. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Additional socio-economic benefits comprise two components: Health: Currently, cheap and polluting 2&3 wheelers are contributing deteriorating air quality in urban areas in Sierra Leone. A switch towards clean electric 2&3 wheelers will improve air quality and hence reduce costs of the health sector. This is especially true against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many scientists believe that better air quality and reduced number of severe courses of COVID-19 disease are correlated. Improving urban air quality would hence increase resilience against crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Economy: As outlined above, Sierra Leone is fully dependent on petroleum fuel imports. Since oil price volatility is partly buffered through adjusted fuel taxation, spikes in oil price directly affect the budget of Sierra Leone. Increased independence from oil importation through e-mobility and the use of locally generated power will increase Sierra Leone’s resilience against oil price peaks and shortages in international supply. In addition, use of locally generated power will shift the transport value chain towards generation of added value at national level.Global Environment Facility UNEP Environmental Protection Agency – Sierra Leone CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sierra Leone +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ 141238.67 141238.67 141238.67 91500 UNEP Environmental Protection Agency – Sierra Leone 80000 UNEP Environmental Protection Agency – Sierra Leone 191743 UNEP Environmental Protection Agency – Sierra Leone 19890 UNEP Environmental Protection Agency – Sierra Leone 423716 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10768 Global Environment Facility To improve integrated urban management, service delivery, and disaster emergency management in Western Area and secondary cities of Sierra Leone Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sierra Leone Waterloo 8.331 -13.0624 Sierra Leone 8.4223 -11.8375 Port Loko 8.7702 -12.7869 Makeni 8.8802 -12.0495 Koidu 8.6389 -10.961 Kenema District 7.8639 -11.2043 Freetown 8.4554 -13.2243 Bonthe 7.5291 -12.5056 Bo District 7.9547 -11.7293 Western Area-Urban 8.4366 -13.2364 Western Area-Rural 8.2781 -13.0859 1345452.40 1345452.40 1345452.40 1345452.40 1345452.40 0 World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council 920526 World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council 0 World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council 0 World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council 1239778 World Bank Freetown City Council, Fiscal Decentralization Division in Ministry of Finance, National Disaster Management Agency, Western Area Rural District Council, Bo City Council 6727262 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10838 Global Environment Facility To reduce the use of mercury in the ASGM sector in Sierra Leone through a holistic, multisectoral integrated formalization approach, and increasing access to finance leading to the adoption of sustainable mercury-free technologies and access to traceable gold supply chains. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.ASGM is characterized by the use of mercury, which has heavy environmental consequences on the environment and local communities. It is used to extract gold by putting it into contact with sediments containing gold, or crushed ore. The amalgam formed (a mixture of 50% mercury and 50% gold) is then heated through rudimentary methods to evaporate the mercury and leave the gold behind. During mining and processing activities by ASGM, mercury losses to the environment occur at two stages, the amalgamation process, and the amalgam roasting process.Sustainable livelihoodsThe improved gold processing and enhanced formalization of the ASGM sector will serve to alleviate poverty, improve living conditions, and stimulate job creation. The use of free-mercury technology can not only reduce the amount of mercury used but can also significantly reduce the time required to process ores, and increase gold capture and gold recovery, leading to higher income and improvement of livelihoods. Improving the gold mining sector can be a solution for job creation, particularly for young people. Furthermore, livelihood improvement will strengthen the existing positive economic spillover effect by creating demand for other goods and services in the area.Formalization of the sector will contribute to strengthening the regulation of the gold and mercury trade in order to reduce the illicit trade of mercury and gold smuggling that in most cases is traded by informal actors. Furthermore, it will improve gold trade transparency at a national scale, promote the formal market transaction and enhance the opportunity for the miners’ and traders’ organizations to access assistance, financial education, as well as financial support to expand their business. The formalization also contributes to the rise of the government’s revenue from the tax resulting in higher financial resources to support the development programs. Improvement of health conditions Enhancing the responsible gold mining process and promoting mercury free technologies will lead to the improvement of the health of ASGM miners as a result of the reduction of diseases associated with mercury exposure. The reduction of mercury will lower the mercury contamination in soil, river, and air which will benefit communities living near mining sites. Through awareness raising campaign, it is expected to increase the knowledge and change their behavior towards the danger of mercury use in gold processing. It will reduce the incidence of water-borne diseases that can be triggered by open mining pits. The mercury burnt in the open air that was observed in AGM activities in Baomahun village in Valunia chiefdom, for example, can be avoided through mercury-free technology use and awareness raising among miners. Biodiversity and climate securityImprovement of gold mining practices promoted by ASGM formalization, and improved mining regulation and monitoring from relevant authorities will engage miners to comply with environmental standards in their operations, including conducting an environmental impact assessment on the site before the exploitation and restoration of lands after the mining is completed.This project will enhance the capacities of relevant stakeholders, particularly ASGM miners and MDAs, on environmental challenges, such as land rehabilitation, mercury use, and forest-smart mining. Mining practices using heavy-duty machinery such as excavators and caterpillars, as observed in Kholifa Rowalla chiefdom and the mining site in Nemima village, located close to a stream that supplies the site with water, can bring detrimental consequences to the environment, such as land degradation and mercury-contaminated river, threatening human health and freshwater ecosystems.Responsible mining practices are closely related to land, freshwater, and forest conservation. Avoiding mining practices in the forest and areas with high conservation value, maintaining the forest cover around the riverbanks, as well as eliminate the mercury contamination in the water, soil, and air will lead to long-term impacts on biodiversity conservation, including emission reduction, and mitigate the climate-related disaster (flood, landslides, fire, etc.) that could be exacerbated by unresponsible mining practices. Gender equality This project emphasizes gender equality and women empowerment throughout all its components. It seeks to improve the equal participation of women in the mining sector, including decision-making process, leadership position, active involvement in gold value chains, an improvement in working conditions, equal wages, and safety for women in mining practice, encourage women’s mining association, as well as access to mercury-free technology, market, and financial services. It has to be promoted through legislation or traditional regulation at the district or sub-district level to pull down the traditional barriers reflected in gender and relationship norms. Child Labour By promoting the formalization of the ASGM sector and better mining practices, child labour, which is a practice often found on gold mining sites, will be prevented. Eliminating child labor in the ASGM sector will have long-term outcomes as it will ensure the children's right to seek education, reduce the threat of mercury-related diseases, and avoid heavy labor, and a dangerous environment for children. Global Environment Facility CI The Environment Protection Agency, Sierra Leone (EPA SL) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sierra Leone Kholifa Rowalla chiefdom 8.721851 -11.951036 Penguia chiefdom 8.393544 -10.756437 Valunia chiefdom 8.41788 -11.668009 +![cdata[Chemicals]]+ +![cdata[Precious metals/materials]]+ 153500 CI The Environment Protection Agency, Sierra Leone (EPA SL) 289995 CI The Environment Protection Agency, Sierra Leone (EPA SL) 2703750 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11135 Global Environment Facility Generating environmental and socio-economic benefits in Koinadugu and Falaba District by restoring degraded ecosystems, strengthening livelihoods based on sustainably managed natural resources, and supporting gender progressive ecotourism. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.YesGlobal Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment and Climate Change CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date ' Sierra Leone 4253669 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11143 Global Environment Facility Project Objective: To conserve and restore Kambui Hills Forest Reserve (FR) and the associated community forest lands in the Greater Gola Forest Landscape in order to address climate change impacts Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.1. At the 1992 Earth Summit, the governments of the world agreed on a new agenda for sustainable development which included the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which, among others, called on governments to establish systems of protected areas and to manage these in support of conservation, sustainable use and equitable socio-economic benefit sharing[1]. The governments recognized protected areas as socio-economic institutions which have a key role to play in the alleviation of poverty and maintenance of the global community’s critical life-support systems. This vision for protected areas requires an awareness and understanding of the socio-economic values of protected areas and ensuring their protection. 2. The Global Biodiversity framework provides that four overarching goals are targeted to be achieved by 2050 and focus on ecosystem and species health including to halt human-induced species extinction, the sustainable use of biodiversity, equitable sharing of benefits, and on implementation and finance. Among the twenty-three targets to be achieved by 2030 include 30 per cent conservation of land, sea and inland waters, and 30 per cent restoration of degraded ecosystems, among others and these lead to enhancing socioeconomic benefits[2]. 3. Delivery of socio-economic benefits to local communities and at the national level is an integral aspect of GEF-funded projects. Demonstrating the socio-economic importance of protected areas in this project will significantly increase political and stakeholder support, help resolve conflicts between different interest groups, lead to positive changes in policies and decision-making and unravel alternative and sustainable sources of financing the management of the protected area[3]. Insights provided by this project will help to identify a combination of actions and land-use practices that best support sustainable and equitable access to, and utilization of socio-economic benefits derived from forest landscapes while retaining the conservation goals. 4. Forest reserves and Protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation[4]. This project recognizes the role of reserved land in the protection of species and ecosystems and will contribute to the achievement of Global Biodiversity Framework goals and Convention on Biodiversity’s Aichi strategic Goals A, B, C, D, and E and Targets 1, 11, and 12[5] that will, in turn, enhance the socio-economic benefits of protected areas’ species and ecosystems. 5. Given the dependence of the national economy on natural resources in Sierra Leone and the Guinea-Liberia-Sierra Leone landscapes generally, improved management of the resources will enhance benefits to the economy and the local population. In protected areas where local communities receive direct socio-economic benefits through established benefit-sharing arrangements in the form of support to alternative livelihoods and improved agricultural methods, such as in this Gola landscape, improved management will enhance the socio-economic benefits through the sustainable generation of revenue. 6. The project will improve forest landscape management approaches, enhance adaptive capacity, reduce the vulnerability of the protected area and enhance resilience. In this regard, resilience refers to the ability of a protected area system and its component parts to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from the effects of a hazardous event trend or disturbance in a timely and efficient manner, including by ensuring the preservation, restoration, or improvement of its essential basic structures and functions while maintaining the capacity for adaptation, learning, and transformation[6]. Three dimensions of resilience that will be considered in this project are buffer capacity (resources that will buffer shocks and stresses); self-regulation (the degree to which protected area managers will direct their actions and outcomes), and learning (experimenting, innovating, and integrating experiences into action)[7]. 7. In order to deliver the socio-economic benefits of the project, the following will be taken into account during project implementation:- Climate Resilience: In the context of this project, climate resilience is the ability of protected area managers to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate. Improving climate resilience of protected areas involves assessing how climate change will create new, or alter current, climate-related risks, and taking steps to better cope with these risks[8]. Climate change is a fundamental phenomenon in protected area management because it results in ecologically significant changes in species abundance, composition, diversity, physiology, community composition, biotic interactions, and behaviour including feeding and breeding success which the project interventions will help to support[9]. Wild animals, therefore, face new challenges for survival because of differential responses by species to climate change which alter the ecosystems and habitats[10].- Ecological resilience: is the capacity of a system to undergo disturbance and reorganize so as to still maintain essentially the same functions, structures, and controls[11]. Effective management of protected areas requires an understanding of the ecosystem’s response to stressors and disturbances in order to guide management actions[12]. This project provides the additional ability for managing protected areas and associated community forests to enhance their resilience to cope with stressors and disturbances[13]. The project will facilitate capacity building and enhance transboundary collaboration, which will deepen understanding of the factors influencing the ecological resilience of the landscape, interactions of biological resources, their variability, and the capacity to support habitats and species across borders. Effective management (particularly enhanced collaboration) and monitoring and analysis of the status of resources will contribute to a sustained flow of ecological goods and services and the attendant benefits to the stakeholders.- Social-ecological resilience: this connotes the capacity to continue functioning despite stresses or shocks. To ensure ecological resilience to environmental change, protected area managers will require a proactive response to new conditions that will maintain ecosystem functionality, connectivity, and adaptive capacity[14].- Improved management frameworks: The project will enhance decision-making and planning for improved management, resource use, and sustainability of socio-economic activities such as tourism and ecotourism. Building human capacity through training and technical support to collect, assess and report quality data and to identify, respond and manage the current and future threats will increase science-based decision-making thus enhancing the coping strategies of the adjacent local communities.- Food security: Food and nutrition security is a critical socio-economic parameter of livelihoods and food insecurity can drive local people to engage in illegal resource harvesting. The project will support improved land management in the PA buffer area surrounding communities and thus enhance land productivity. In addition, the intervention will increase the capacity of management institutions to plan, monitor, analyze and link protected area data to agricultural production and productivity in the surrounding areas which largely account for sustainable food and nutrition security. Furthermore, forestry and related natural resources are critical to socio-economic development as they provide environmental support to food production, biodiversity conservation, protection of water catchments, and soil and water conservation among others. Health is interrelated with the environment, climate, water, and food and nutrition security. A combination of these factors increases local communities’ resilience to the effects of climate change impacts and related shocks that may affect the protected areas in their proximity.[1] IUCN 1998. Economic Values of Protected Areas: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.[2] Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework -Accessed at: https://www.unep.org/resources/kunming-montreal-global-biodiversity-framework?gclid=CjwKCAjwkY2qBhBDEiwAoQXK5YYLFD9lVrL9aTJ5Gyf8hyJ6w3cABgg_WK3du1s_COYwYyWz0BAE-BoCPEQQAvD_BwE on 2nd November 2023 at 1428hrs. [3] Institute of European Environmental Policy 2013. Social and economic benefits of protected areas. Accessed from website https://ieep.eu/news/social-and-economic-benefits-of-protected-areas--1223 on 02 November 2023.[4] Visconti, P., Bakkenes, M., Smith, R. J., Joppa, L., & Sykes, R. E. (2015). Socio-economic and ecological impacts of global protected area expansion plans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1681), 20140284.Section 1. [5] CBD 2010. Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Accessed from website https://www.cbd.int/sp/ on 02 November 2023.[6] IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In Field, C.B. et al., Edited, Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.[7] Balvanera, P., Daw, T. M., Gardner, T. A., Martín-López, B., Norström, A. V., Speranza, C. I., ... & Kittinger, J. N. (2017). Key features for more successful place-based sustainability research on social-ecological systems: a Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) perspective. Ecology and Society, 22(1).[8] Centre for climate and energy solutions 2020. Climate Resilience Portal. Accessed from website https://www.c2es.org/content/climate-resilience-overview/ on 02 November 2023 at 1014 hours.[9] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001a. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. J. T. Houghton,Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, and D. Xiaosu (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.[10] Root, T. L., & Schneider, S. H. 2002. Climate change: overview and implications for wildlife. Wildlife responses to climate change: North American case studies, 10(2002), 765-766. Island Press, Washington D.C.[11] Zaccarelli, N., Petrosillo, I., & Zurlini, G. (2008). Retrospective analysis. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7, 254-261.[12] Pecl, G. T., Araújo, M. B., Bell, J. D., Blanchard, J., Bonebrake, T. C., Chen I. C., et al. (2017). Biodiversity redistribution under climate change:impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science 355, 1389–1400.[13] Curtin, C. G., & Parker, J. P. (2014). Foundations of resilience thinking. Conservation Biology, 28(4), 912-923.[14] Herbert, R. J., Ross, K., Whetter, T., & Bone, J. (2020). Maintaining ecological resilience on a regional scale: Coastal saline lagoons in a northern European marine protected area. In Marine Protected Areas (pp. 631-647). Elsevier.Global Environment Facility CI The Sierra Leone Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sierra Leone Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary 7.5444 -11.3493 Kambui Hill Forest Reserve 7.7734 -11.2777 Kambui South Forest Reserve 7.6243 -11.3694 5550306 GEF