XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-95 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 914000.00 914000.00 914000.00 914000.00 914000.00 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 0 World Bank Ministry of Indigenous Medicine 4570000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-104 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Renewable Energy Fund Management Unit of the Ministry of Finance; Ceylon Electricity Board CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 1180000.00 1180000.00 1180000.00 1180000.00 1180000.00 0 World Bank Renewable Energy Fund Management Unit of the Ministry of Finance; Ceylon Electricity Board 0 World Bank Renewable Energy Fund Management Unit of the Ministry of Finance; Ceylon Electricity Board 0 World Bank Renewable Energy Fund Management Unit of the Ministry of Finance; Ceylon Electricity Board 5900000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-352 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP FAO, IUCN CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 817426.00 817426.00 817426.00 817426.00 817426.00 0 UNDP FAO, IUCN 0 UNDP FAO, IUCN 4087130 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-425 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Irrigation and Power and Energy, Government of Sri Lanka CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 302800.00 302800.00 302800.00 302800.00 302800.00 0 UNDP Ministry of Irrigation and Power and Energy, Government of Sri Lanka 0 UNDP Ministry of Irrigation and Power and Energy, Government of Sri Lanka 1514000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-802 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 243223.33 243223.33 243223.33 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 0 UNDP IUCN - World Conservation Union 729670 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-818 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Forestry policy and administrative management]]+ 241571.00 241571.00 241571.00 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 0 UNDP Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry and Environment 724713 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-878 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Global Environment Facility ADB Asian Development Bank CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 2040000.00 2040000.00 2040000.00 2040000.00 2040000.00 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 0 World Bank Asian Development Bank 0 ADB Asian Development Bank 10200000 GEF 10200000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-1545 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Ministry of Finance CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 1600000.00 1600000.00 1600000.00 1600000.00 1600000.00 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 0 World Bank Ministry of Finance 8000000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-2472 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment Natural Resources CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 365000.00 365000.00 365000.00 365000.00 365000.00 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment & Natural Resources 1825000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-2753 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ 1383983.00 1383983.00 1383983.00 1383983.00 1383983.00 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 0 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 6000000 IFAD Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, IUCN-Sri Lanka 6919915 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-2996 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility World Bank Global Environment Facility IFC IFC/WB CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 720000.00 720000.00 720000.00 720000.00 720000.00 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 0 World Bank IFC/WB 0 IFC IFC/WB 3600000 GEF 3600000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-4096 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Global Environment Facility FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biofuel-fired power plants]]+ 399250.00 399250.00 399250.00 399250.00 399250.00 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 0 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 1043511 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 1043511 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 76954 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 76954 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 966557 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 966557 FAO Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources; Forest Department (FD) Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) 1996250 GEF 1996250 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-4114 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Agro-industries]]+ 471000.00 471000.00 471000.00 471000.00 471000.00 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 1417216 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 433394 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 345730 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 118382 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 0 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 1432 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 2316154 UNIDO Sri Lanka Cleaner Production Centre 2355000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-4150 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Agricultural policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 290091.00 290091.00 290091.00 290091.00 290091.00 0 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 0 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 0 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 0 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 1032843 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 6146554 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. -5845680 UNEP The Ministry of Environment and natural Resources, Sri Lanka; Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research, Rome, Italy; Biodiversity International, Rome, Italy. 1450455 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5031 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP UNDP CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ 266666.67 266666.67 266666.67 0 UNDP UNDP 800000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5314 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka INSEE 7.17 79.89 PTPVs 7.18 80.02 Ceylon Electricity Board 6.93 79.84 Ministry of Environment 6.90 79.92 +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 945000.00 945000.00 945000.00 945000.00 945000.00 0 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 0 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 534066 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 485442 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 477757 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 129969 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 1650187 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 1098808 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 4691043 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 314814 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 63 UNIDO Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy of Sri Lanka 4725000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5337 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka Puttalam District 8.0454 79.9319 Anuradhapura District 8.33333 80.5 +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 525338.00 525338.00 525338.00 525338.00 525338.00 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment 939423 UNDP Ministry of Environment 483612 UNDP Ministry of Environment 429544 UNDP Ministry of Environment 397849 UNDP Ministry of Environment 2617824 UNDP Ministry of Environment 2626690 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5586 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biosphere protection]]+ 596803.67 596803.67 596803.67 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 0 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 393553 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 1786645 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 1109128 UNDP Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 1790411 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5677 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility FAO Ministry of Environment CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Rural land policy and management]]+ 448219.00 448219.00 448219.00 329809 FAO Ministry of Environment 360169 FAO Ministry of Environment 231748 FAO Ministry of Environment 266666 FAO Ministry of Environment 1307617 FAO Ministry of Environment 1344657 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-5720 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ 473192.80 473192.80 473192.80 473192.80 473192.80 189343 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 723361 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment -57186 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 947825 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 484229 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 2365962 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 71342 FAO Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 2365964 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-9093 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP UNOPS CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka Matale District 7.6598 80.7073 Mannar District 8.86667 80.08333 Colombo District 6.8664 80.0166 +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ 499415.60 499415.60 499415.60 499415.60 499415.60 534425 UNDP UNOPS 421787 UNDP UNOPS 616432 UNDP UNOPS 420201 UNDP UNOPS 2357209 UNDP UNOPS 2497078 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-9372 Global Environment Facility Strengthen protection of globally significant biodiversity through mainstreaming of conservation and sustainable practices into land use planning and sectoral decision making in forestry, agriculture and tourism sectors. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sri Lanka Vavuniya District 8.86134 80.47576 Puttalam District 8.0454 79.9319 Mannar District 8.86667 80.08333 Anuradhapura District 8.33333 80.5 +![cdata[Agricultural policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Forestry development]]+ +![cdata[Rural development]]+ 669341.60 669341.60 669341.60 669341.60 669341.60 244675 UNDP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 685848 UNDP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 353229 UNDP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 242260 UNDP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment 3346708 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-9409 Global Environment Facility NA Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.Global Environment Facility UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Agricultural policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Agricultural development]]+ 666666.67 666666.67 666666.67 300000 UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International 0 UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International 438000 UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International 309500 UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International 884531 UNEP Ministry of Mahaweli Development and Environment, Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bioversity International 2000000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10537 Global Environment Facility To conserve globally significant biodiversity by improving land management practices in tea and rubber plantation areas in the Wet Climatic Zone through innovative Private-Public-Community Partnerships Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.The socio-economic benefits in the project will be observed at the individual (household level) as well as at the collective community level for economic groups like farmers, industrial plantation and forest concession groups as follows: At least 5,000 people in the target landscapes will directly benefit through improved livelihoods and incomes (15% increase), of which an estimated 50% would be women; As a result of initiatives on improved forest and riparian conservation activities and environmental practices in plantation lands, additional people living in and around the target sites will indirectly benefit from improved and sustainable land management, reduced erosion and water flows; Testing of new in-situ –ex-situ conservation efforts offer opportunity for enhancing conservation and ecological values of the forests; Implementation of strategies and mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation in plantation areas will result into sustainable practices on plantation, agriculture, water conservation, value chain products and services. This will collectively result in better conservation and livelihoods outcomes; Improved access to basic goods and technical services, technology and improved agricultural, forestry and tourism practices, as well as diversification of livelihoods in agriculture and non-farm sector including tourism and agri-based products will ensure more livelihood options and better prices and income; Enhanced certification through international third party would improve markets for plantation products in the competitive global markets thus helping enhance the health of the plantations and benefits to estate communities; The focus on addressing gender inequality wherein various initiatives such as technological interventions for drudgery reduction in livelihood and household-based activities, promotion of alternative livelihood options, participation of women in various local conservation committees are proposed. The project envisages more gender equality in context of sex ratio, decision making powers, ownership and control on resources and women leadership as well as participation; A reduction in the human-wildlife conflicts and increase in effective implementation of sustainable practices. The project expects a decrease in human-wildlife conflict in the three pilot corridor areas; Incremental funding through new financial solutions will improve conservation outcomes, protect critical biodiversity hotspots and provide for improved and diversified livelihoods and incomes and a sustainability of such investments beyond the life of the project; Advancement of multi-cropping systems (including agroforestry) in degraded plantation and small holder lands will enhance species diversity, improve water retention and reduce soil erosion and hence enhance the productivity of the land; and Stable or improved populations of key endangered species and improved forest environments will greatly enhance visitor experiences for increasing potential for ecotourism and community financial benefit.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sri Lanka NuwaraEliya 6.98001 80.76864 Ratnapura District 6.5831 80.5833 Matale District 7.6598 80.7073 Kegalle District 7.1167 80.3333 Kandy District 7.3044 80.7073 Galle District 6.25 80.25 +![cdata[Forestry development]]+ +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ +![cdata[Site preservation]]+ 27676 UNDP Ministry of Environment 4005251 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10552 Global Environment Facility Strengthened biodiversity mainstreaming in planning and decision making and improved resource targeting for biodiversity conservation using Natural Capital Assessment and Accounting and Management Effectiveness Tracking Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.The inclusion of the private sector as partners and from the inception of this project will allow for not only engagement of communities in biodiversity conservation but also demonstrate sustainable, innovative livelihood development, that ultimately is nature-smart, practicing blended finance and improved value chains, for, and “tipping the economic policy balance in favour of sustainable investments and practices and away from supporting business as usual”[1]. The promotion of green growth livelihoods for 300 fisher families will result in the following Global Environmental Benefits: · Conservation of globally significant biodiversity;· Conservation and enhanced carbon stocks in agriculture, forest, and other land use. · Improved provision of agro-ecosystem and forest ecosystem goods and services;· Mitigated/avoided greenhouse gas emissions and increased carbon sequestration in production landscapes; and· Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in productive landscapes. [1] WB (2021). Unlocking Nature-Smart Development, An Approach Paper on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Washington DC, USA: World Bank. xxi+109. https://www.wavespartnership.org/sites/waves/files/kc/Unlocking%20Nature%20Smart%20161281.pdf Global Environment Facility IUCN Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Resources CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Forestry development]]+ +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ +![cdata[Site preservation]]+ 2656194 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10617 Global Environment Facility To build social, economic, and socio-ecological resilience in Sri Lanka of Knuckles Conservation Forest and its buffer zone, the coastal region from Mannar Island to Jaffna, and the Colombo urban wetlands through community-based activities for global environmental benefits and sustainable development Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. The durability of the multiple global environmental benefits generated through the community-driven interventions in the project landscapes will largely depend upon sustained socioeconomic benefits for local communities. Introduction and adoption of income generating measures. At the local level, increased income generating measures and economic incentives will be promoted that give local communities reason to adopt them, and these measures will generate economic benefits to the communities in the short as well as longer term in order to be considered sustainable. The technologies and approaches promoted are expected to increase land productivity and enhance food security. Support community development, particularly those initiatives that contribute towards generating environmental benefits. There are 36 villages within Knuckles conserved forest and its buffer zone. Access to most of these villages is difficult, and there are very few opportunities for income generation avenues in those villages. Large numbers of men, especially the younger generations, leave villages to find other income generating means, mostly as unskilled labour. Similar situations have been observed in the communities of Mannar landscape, as well. This situation leads to a fragile family structure, with only women with children and elderly people remaining in the villages. The project will address this issue by targeting income generating programmes, e.g., eco-tourism, small scale social entrepreneurship, green agro-business etc., especially for women, youth, elderly, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} Increased access and adoption of new technologies for sustainable livelihoods. The communities in all three landscapes are lacking in new knowledge and technologies for farming and other non-agricultural activities leading to poor productivity and inferior quality. Inappropriate technologies are low in efficiency and harmful to the sustainability of production systems and the environment. Providing communities with new knowledge and suitable technologies will improve productivity while strengthening sustainability. This will lead to adoption of new income generating avenues. Enhanced access to micro finance facilities to women entrepreneurs. Poor access to financial facilities is another drawbacks identified especially in the development of small-scale entrepreneurship in green, agro-based industries. Securing a loan from commercial banks is a herculean task for these communities, as they do not possess required knowledge and are unfamiliar with the processes. Therefore, most of the community members – particularly women – use unauthorized micro credit facilities or pawn their valuables to obtain their financial needs. Facilitating partnerships through the multi-stakeholder landscape platforms, delivering capacity building on improving financial management skills, and disseminating information on available financing options for local community organizations will help enhance small-scale entrepreneurship. Capacity development and women’s empowerment. Capacity building is one of the pillars of the SGP. Capacity building activities will be implemented based on a training-of-trainers approach through farmer field schools, etc., which are considered more sustainable. Once the new technologies are adopted it is expected that farmers will continue to innovate and apply them, achieving greater profitability while at the same time generating environmental benefits. New entrepreneurships and access to new markets. Project interventions will improve the community products and services which are already available in the landscape and will assist in developing small-scale entrepreneurship with improved market channels, including local and international markets. This intervention aims at removing interference by intermediaries in the value chain, so that the benefits will be directly transferred. Eco-tourism. Each of the project landscapes has been identified by the government as eco-tourism destinations. The project will capture the potential for ecotourism, which will assist communities to increase their income in this sector. The project will also work with government line agencies as well as the private sector to develop ecotourism, so that the communities receive benefits directly. Improved well-being. Home gardening and good agricultural practices (GAP) are the two main aspects related to agroecosystems. These two approaches will be promoted to produce healthy and safe foods. Under these programmes, new water saving technologies will be introduced to the farming communities, so that the communities and their agricultural production are more resilient to climate change. Both these programmes will reduce the use of agro-chemicals, resulting in production of safe food for the home community as well as for the market. Improved land productivity through SLM and availability of quality green products. The project will promote sustainable land management (SLM) practices in all landscapes using farmer Field Schools. It was also revealed during discussions with the farmers that the majority of them do not pay much attention to land levelling and good tillage practices due to financial constraints. Inadequate land levelling leads to inefficient use of irrigation water, fertilizers and pesticides. The impact of drought and floods too can be severe in improperly levelled paddy fields. The project is relevant with respect to several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most notably SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life below Water), SDG 15 (Life on Land), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals, as outlined below in Table 2 of the Project Document. Table 2 of the Project Document: Project contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} Global Environment Facility UNDP UNOPS CEO Approval Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date Actual Completion Date ' Sri Lanka Mannar Town 8.99216 79.88623 Matale District 7.6598 80.7073 Mannar District 8.86667 80.08333 Kandy District 7.3044 80.7073 Colombo District 6.8664 80.0166 +![cdata[Forestry development]]+ +![cdata[Environmental policy and administrative management]]+ +![cdata[Biodiversity]]+ +![cdata[Site preservation]]+ 607382.00 607382.00 607382.00 171125 UNDP UNOPS 173604 UNDP UNOPS 761210 UNDP UNOPS 1822146 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10651 Global Environment Facility To reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions and to reduce costs for fuel import and the related foreign exchange risks through the accelerated introduction of electric mobility in Sri Lanka. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE SI-LK /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Iskoola Pota"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-bidi-language:SI-LK;} The introduction and adoption of electric mobility in Sri Lanka with the conducive taxation environment during 2014-2017 opened many new technical livelihood segments including for charging infrastructure, EV servicing and battery recycling. This wave of EVs into the market also created a new market for local innovation and creative solutions with ICT applications to bring down costs and streamline charging infrastructure. However due to the non-viability of battery replacement and the lack of practical battery management options, this market segment is dwindling, and this project would be able to review the interest and investment in EV associated local investment and local production of vehicles by addressing the key barriers. In addition, this will provide a pathway for local EVs and EV-associated innovations (charging infrastructure or patented technology solutions such as E-bike docks) to enter the market around the globe. Secondary market for lithium-ion batteries and recycling Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles is expected to create employment opportunities in the community. It will substantially reduce the dependency of import of raw materials for production of batteries and vehicles. The policy measures will ensure safety and health of the workers engaged in reuse and recycling of lithium-ion batteries and ICE vehicles. There are huge benefits to women in terms of the simplicity of technology and the easy maintenance of EVs. Women’s groups and women EV users have been clear on their preference to EVs over ICE vehicles and unmanned charging stations with mobile app-based payment. This payment modality is becoming increasingly common in the post-Covid era and the project could leverage the benefit of having a population used to e-commerce to introduce more ICT features to E-mobility ecosystem introduced through the project. This is expected to result in public infrastructure and service cost savings, consumer savings and affordability – particularly savings targeting lower-income households who use/own 2-and-3 wheelers. The project will have direct effects during the project duration and impacts beyond the project duration on the GHG emissions from operation of EVs. The key source of air pollution in transport sectors is due to widespread use of fossil fuel. With increased use of EV based transportation air quality will be improved due to reduction in emissions from pollution sources, arising from adoption of electric mobility, improved policies and enforcement of standards and regulations. Improved air quality will reduce adverse effects on health. It will substantially reduce financial impact on economy. Decreased use of fossil energy resources and its associated benefits will indirectly contribute to generating and sustaining climate change benefit. Global Environment Facility UNEP Ministry of Environment CEO Approval Date ' Sri Lanka +![cdata[Electric mobility infrastructures]]+ 365596.33 365596.33 365596.33 1096789 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-10868 Global Environment Facility To improve the regulatory framework, strengthen national capacities in agricultural chemicals and mercury management, and support the transformation of healthcare waste management systems. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.The Global Environmental Benefits (GEB) of this project at the CEO Endorsement stage, include additional disposal quantities in mercury and mercury-contained wastes as compared to what was presented at the PIF stage. The total environmentally sound disposal quantities will include: 22.6 MT of POPs pesticides and cross-contaminated agrochemicals stockpiles (9 MT of liquid and 13.6 MT of solid) from the agricultural sector; 8.8 + 41 +50 = 99.8 MT of mercury and mercury-contained wastes from healthcare facilities. The additional 50 MT of mercury and mercury wastes is the quantity that will be generated from the demonstration activities carried out, plus an estimated 3,585 MT of CO2 eq emission, will be avoided during the five year duration of the Project.In addition to reducing the quantities of stockpile POPs pesticides and cross-contaminated agrochemicals in the agricultural sector and mercury and mercury-contained wastes in the healthcare sector, the Project will strengthen human and instrument capacities in laboratory analysis, and provision of portable gas analyzers to enable Customs officials for quick detecting, testing, and verifying imported products, to carry out checks and verifications so as to control illegal imports at entry point. Together with the establishment of a centralized digitized information management system, the effective monitoring of import, appropriate use as intended, and the safe disposal of POPs pesticides, agrochemicals and mercury-containing medical devices, and a strengthened institutional coordination mechanism, will reduce/prevent misuse of banned and restricted POPs chemicals and related products, generate economic and social benefits to protect human health and the environment.The Green Finance Framework (GFF) that will be developed for promoting mercury phase-out in the healthcare sector will help to address challenges in the deployment of non-incineration HCWM technology to reduce UPOPs emissions that will result through open burning or incineration. This will ensure that the interest and wellbeing of small and medium sized healthcare facilities and other stakeholders will be taken into consideration to minimize negative social and economic impacts on these entities.Through the proposed review, an update and adaption of policies, regulatory frameworks and technical standards is expected to be carried out under this Project. It will facilitate and improve the procedures for implementation related to the Pesticide Control Act (use of illegal agrochemicals), Import Expert Control Act and Custom Ordinance (HS code review), National Environment Act (monitoring Environmental Protection Licensing, and Scheduled Waste Management Licensing), draft national policy on Chemical Management, gender responsive mercury and mercury waste management in the healthcare sector, as an effective mean to control/reduce emissions of POPs to air. As a result, UPOPs emission reduction in the amount of 4.2 gTEQ/year and 6.92 gTEQ/year will be achieved at the Northwestern and Eastern provinces respectively. With the technical guidance and training materials prepared for the sound management of wastes containing mercury, and the standards and regulations on HCWM revised, the environmentally safe management of healthcare wastes that will happen in many healthcare facilities will generate significant social and economic benefits in safeguarding workers’ health for a large population of hospital staff that includes doctors, nurses, paramedics, cleaning and security personnel.The Project will also pilot integrated recycling program at six (6) healthcare facilities that will partner with the private sector to assess on recycling potential so as to facilitate the proper collection, recycling and reuse of valuable materials. A direct positive effort of this intervention may yield opportunities to creation of “green jobs” relating to HCW recycling, as it will explore alternative income generation opportunities by facilitate the partnership between hospitals, Local Authorities and waste collectors.The establishment of two (2) Centralized Clinical Waste Treatment Facilities (CCWTFs) using non-incineration technology and linked to an existing landfill will support the MoH with a PPP model to operate such HCW treatment facilities that will also treat HCW from small and micro healthcare facilities that are not able to operate in a sustainable manner. Together with the development of a de-centralized non-incineration HCWM strategy for medium and small-scale healthcare facilities, the Project will push forward interventions that will provide substantial economic and social benefits to these small and medium healthcare facilities.Strengthened policy, regulatory, institutional, monitoring and analysis frameworks to control and address illegal import, and promotion of safe use and disposal of agricultural and healthcare wastes, will safeguard human health and the environment. Knowledge and experience gained, as well as lessons learned through implementation of project activities and positive results of the demonstrations, will be shared to facilitate long-term sustainability and raise awareness for the healthcare sector personnel. Such interventions on environmentally sound management are consistent with the national and local priorities, which will not only generate local and national benefits, but will contribute to global human health and a safe environment.Global Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment (MOE) CEO Endorsement Date Actual Implementation Start Date Expected Completion Date ' Sri Lanka Kalmunai 01 7.41642 81.82117 Kaduwela Division 6.903 79.9782 Monaragala Division 6.8342 81.3525 +![cdata[Chemicals]]+ 126406 UNDP Ministry of Environment (MOE) 5040000 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11116 Global Environment Facility To conserve biodiversity and critical ecosystem services through an integrated and inclusive climate-resilient terrestrial, coastal and marine resource management approach that generates commensurate benefits to the local economy and communities in Sri Lanka. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.YesGlobal Environment Facility UNDP Ministry of Environment CEO Endorsement Date ' Sri Lanka 4507534 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11233 Global Environment Facility To develop resilient and sustainable rice-based food systems to strengthen community and ecosystem health in three river basins of Sri Lanka Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid\,GT0\,TabelEcorys"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} The project will deliver socio-economic benefits and decent rural employment by (1) increasing the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production as the main livelihood strategy of the population in targeted river basins, (2) building agricultural value chains for maximising local value addition and thus socio-economic benefits, (3) promoting gender equality in reaping benefits from agriculture and the utilisation of natural resources, (4) facilitating private investments into sustainable and regenerative rice-based food systems, and (5) increasing the resilience of social-environmental systems in targeted river basins. Contributions to FAO’s Four Pillars of Decent Work are presented in Table 2. Community level livelihood investments will be based on public-private-investment plans (Output 2.1.1) and be focused on food systems transformation for long-term sustainability. The project will support community enterprises in business upskilling and market expansion, which will contribute to local employment, especially those for women and youth, as well as indigenous people. Enhanced agricultural practices and agriculture-based value chains and enterprises will secure resilient livelihoods and employment, while contributing to cultural preservation of members of Indigenous Peoples. Furthermore, the project will take necessary action to prevent child labour (between 15-17 years will be considered as children) while the project covers youth (mainly 15-29 years old group) for project benefits. Table 2: Project contributions to socio-economic benefits and rural employment FAO Pillars of Decent Work Project contribution (including corresponding Output) Pillar 1: Employment creation & enterprise development § Local community and Indigenous People’s members (f/m) supported in accessing markets & modern value chains (3.2.2, 3.3.1, 3.3.2) § Rural communities and enterprises supported in accessing markets, training, green and responsible investment, and other productive assets (2.1.1, 2.1.2) § Employment-centred livelihoods diversification mechanisms supported (3.3.1, 3.3.2) Pillar 2: Social protection § n/a Pillar 3: Standards and rights at work § Socially responsible agricultural production supported, specifically to reduce gender and age-based discrimination (3.2.1) Pillar 4: Governance and social dialogue § Strengthening democratic organizations and networks of producers and workers (3.1.1, 3.3.1, 3.3.2) § Representation of the rural poor in social dialogue and policy dialogue through their organizations supported (1.1.2, 3.1.1) § Participation of rural poor in local decision-making and governance mechanisms supported (1.1.2, 3.1.1) § Rural women and youth groups empowered to be involved in these processes from the initial steps (1.1.2, 3.1.1) § Synergies built between organizations, programmes, countries and producer-to-producer learning opportunities created (1.1.2, 4.1.1, 4.1.2) The project will ensure that project staff adhere to both national employment and labour laws, as well as international commitments, and will increase the protection and promotion of worker health and safety. This includes providing occupational safety and health training and clarifying what constitutes child labour as part of value chain training or other relevant activities Global Environment Facility FAO Ministry of Environment CEO Endorsement Date ' Sri Lanka Eravur Pattu DS Division 7.70626 81.47202 Padiyathalawa DS Division 7.42743 81.26109 Mahiyanganaya DS Division 7.43709 81.08316 Rideemaliyadda DS Division 7.27404 81.12867 Mahaoya DS Division 7.57640 81.35260 Bibile DS Division 7.19620 81.28730 4742965 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11290 Global Environment Facility To demonstrate an integrated approach to climate-resilient and inclusive urban development in SJK by combining wetland conservation, renewable energy, and e-mobility solutions with strengthened coordination, institutional capacity, and sustainable planning practices. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.YesGlobal Environment Facility UNEP Ministry of Environment CEO Endorsement Date ' Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 6.88297 79.90708 Colombo 6.93548 79.84868 Heen Ela Canal 6.9235 79.8984 4755352 GEF XI-BRIDGE-6385676864-11352 Global Environment Facility To reduce eutrophication-induced hypoxia in the BOBLME, by curbing land-based agricultural pollution in north-west Sri Lanka. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.265. The project is anticipated to benefit shrimp farm production and farmers practicing rice cultivation in the Kala and Mee Oya river basins. This will be achieved through promoting best management practices, strengthening policy environment, increasing financial opportunities including private sector participation, and generating increased awareness and capacity building activities in relation to land-based agricultural pollution. This will reduce the risk of coastal marine hypoxia and benefitting fishery-based livelihoods in the Bay of Bengal. Shrimp farm production has decreased by an average of 30% in recent years owing to white spot disease. Best management practices of this project are envisaged to increase the efficiency of production, thereby generating additional income for shrimp farmers. The project will also endeavour to promote more efficient application of fertilisers and pesticides for rice cultivation, practiced by smallholder farmers and larger systems. This has the potential to increase farmers production profits, thereby increasing per hectare income. This will in turn create employment opportunities for the population within the project area, thereby helping the realisation of the right to Decent Rural Employment. The project will strengthen the role of women and youth involvement in shrimp farm production and rice cultivation. The project interventions are expected to directly benefit 10,000 local people, including 5000 females and 5000 males. The project benefits directly complement the SDGs, Blue Economy including livelihoods and commitments under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement.Global Environment Facility FAO Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka CEO Endorsement Date ' Sri Lanka Galviharawewa GN Division 8.1416 80.3355 Moragahawewa 8.05134 80.13361 Mundel DS Division 7.8510 79.8151 Arachchikattuwa DS Division 7.6918 79.8473 Chilaw DS Division 7.5752 79.8362 Kalpitiya DS Division 8.1804 79.7231 Puttlam DS Division 7.9529 79.8553 Mahameddewa GN Division 8.0504 80.0855 2652294 GEF